Ranking mundial revela el estado de avance en ODS de cada país
Según el estudio impulsado por Naciones Unidas los países desarrollados no estarían cumpliendo las expectativas en relación al grado de avance sobre los ODS.
El “SDG Index and Dashboards Report” es el primer estudio global que muestra cómo está ubicado cada uno de los 157 países en un ranking general de avance en el cumplimiento de los ODS. Está realizado por encargo de la ONU a la Fundación Bertelsmann y a la Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN).
El reporte, coordinado por el economista Jeffrey Sachs, fue presentado durante el G20 y entre sus principales hallazgos está mostrar que el giro hacia los nacionalismos y el proteccionismo no está ayudando al cumplimiento de las metas y que los grandes países desarrollados no estarían cumpliendo el rol ejemplar que se esperaba de ellos.
En la cima del ranking encontramos a países que si bien son desarrollados no representan grandes economías como Suecia, Dinamarca y Finlandia. La República Centroafricana, Chad y la República Democrática del Congo están en la parte inferior del Índice y tienen el camino más largo para alcanzar los ODS.
Entre los países del G7, solo Alemania y Francia forman parte del TOP 10. Estados Unidos aparece en la posición 42, mientras que Rusia y China están en el 62 y 71 respectivamente.
Uno de los principales obstáculos que tienen los grandes países ricos en alcanzar mejores resultados tienen que ver con consumo sustentable y producción.
Todos los países que tienen bajos puntajes en generación de residuos electrónicos son los de altos ingresos.
A la inversa, los países de bajos y medianos ingresos de África están entre los diez países con mayor rendimiento en lo que respecta a residuos sólidos urbanos. Tienden a producir sólo la mitad de la cantidad de residuos que producen los países de altos ingresos como el Reino Unido o Francia.
En total, sólo seis países (Suecia, Noruega, Luxemburgo, Dinamarca, Países Bajos y Reino Unido) gastan el 0,7% del PIB comprometido en la Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo.
En América Latina lideran el ranking Cuba (29º) Argentina (41º) Chile (44º) Uruguay (47º) y Costa Rica (53º),
Los niveles extremadamente altos de desigualdad (ODS 10) son un desafío crítico en América Latina y el Caribe . Lo mismo aplica a la promoción de las sociedades pacíficas (ODS 16), con muchos países con escasos resultados en medidas contra la inseguridad y la violencia. Dado el nivel relativamente más alto de ingresos per cápita en la región, cabe destacar que algunos países continúan enfrentando retos importantes en salud (ODS 3), educación (ODS 4) y desnutrición (ODS 2).
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